世界上最古老的玫瑰品种指南
玫瑰被人类栽培已有数千年历史，在不同文化中拥有深厚的象征意义。以下是一些世界上最古老、最具代表性的玫瑰品种，以其美丽、芳香和顽强生命力而闻名。
1. 法国蔷薇（Rosa gallica）
起源： 欧洲中部和南部，自古希腊和罗马时期便有栽培。
历史： 是最早被人工栽培的玫瑰之一。
特征： 花色为深粉到深红，香气浓郁；每年夏季开花一次。
著名品种： 药用蔷薇（Rosa gallica officinalis） ——中世纪常用于草药。
2. 大马士革玫瑰（Rosa damascena）
起源： 据信源自叙利亚，于十字军东征期间传入欧洲。
历史： 数百年来被用于提取香精和玫瑰水。
特征： 花色浅粉至深粉，香气丰富；有的一年开一次，有的重复开花。
用途： 广泛用于香水和食品，目前主要产自保加利亚、伊朗和土耳其。
3. 月季（Rosa chinensis）
起源： 中国，栽培历史已有一千多年。
历史： 18世纪传入欧洲，对现代玫瑰育种有重大影响。
特征： 花色为红、粉、白等；可多季开花。
意义： 是现代杂交茶香玫瑰和丰花玫瑰的祖先之一。
4. 麝香玫瑰（Rosa moschata）
起源： 可能源自喜马拉雅或中东地区。
历史： 16世纪传入欧洲，莎士比亚的作品中有提及。
特征： 白色芳香小花成簇开放；花期较晚。
注： 常用于现代灌木玫瑰的育种。
5. 白玫瑰（Rosa alba）
起源： 古老的杂交品种，可能由法国蔷薇和狗玫瑰杂交而成。
历史： 自古罗马时期即已存在，象征纯洁与爱情。
特征： 白色或浅粉花朵，香气宜人；每年早夏开花一次。
代表品种： 大少女的红晕（Great Maiden’s Blush），花瓣带淡淡粉色。
6. 百叶玫瑰（Rosa centifolia）
起源： 17世纪荷兰培育。
历史： 常出现在古典绘画中，特别是荷兰静物画。
特征： 花瓣密集，数量达数百片，香气浓郁。
用途： 法国格拉斯的香水工业中常用原料。
7. 波斯黄玫瑰（Rosa foetida）
起源： 亚洲西部。
历史： 16世纪传入欧洲。
特征： 鲜艳的黄色花朵，带有独特麝香味。
贡献： 是玫瑰黄色花朵基因的重要来源，参与众多杂交育种。
8. 玫瑰木香（Rosa banksiae，又名黄木香）
起源： 中国，19世纪传入西方。
历史： 是中国最早栽培的藤本玫瑰之一。
特征： 多为无刺，开白色或黄色小花，香气淡雅。
著名实例： 美国亚利桑那州图姆斯通市拥有全球最大一株黄木香。
古老玫瑰的养护建议
土壤： 排水良好、富含有机质的壤土。
浇水： 少量深浇，鼓励根系下扎。
修剪： 花后轻剪，避免重剪。
施肥： 推荐使用堆肥或腐熟的有机肥。
Guide to the World’s Oldest Rose Varieties
Roses have been cultivated for thousands of years and hold deep symbolic meaning across many cultures. Below are some of the oldest and most enduring rose varieties known for their beauty, fragrance, and resilience.
1. Rosa gallica (The Gallica Rose)
Origin: Central and Southern Europe, cultivated since ancient times.
History: One of the earliest cultivated roses, dating back to the Greeks and Romans.
Features: Deep pink to crimson blooms with a strong fragrance; blooms once in summer.
Famous Varieties: Rosa gallica officinalis (also called the Apothecary's Rose) – used in medieval medicine.
2. Rosa damascena (Damask Rose)
Origin: Believed to be from Syria; brought to Europe during the Crusades.
History: Cultivated for centuries for its strong fragrance and oil production.
Features: Light to deep pink blooms with a rich, complex scent; some bloom once, others repeat.
Uses: Essential for rose oil and rose water; still grown in Bulgaria, Iran, and Turkey for perfumery.
3. Rosa chinensis (China Rose)
Origin: China, with cultivation records over 1,000 years old.
History: A game-changer in rose breeding; introduced to Europe in the 18th century.
Features: Small blooms in shades of red, pink, or white; blooms repeatedly.
Legacy: Contributed to the creation of modern hybrid teas and floribundas.
4. Rosa moschata (Musk Rose)
Origin: Likely from the Himalayas or Middle East.
History: Known in Europe by the 16th century, referenced in Shakespeare’s works.
Features: White, fragrant flowers in loose clusters; blooms later than other old roses.
Note: Often used in the breeding of modern shrub roses.
5. Rosa alba (White Rose)
Origin: Ancient hybrid, likely from Rosa gallica and Rosa canina.
History: Known since Roman times; symbol of purity and love.
Features: White to pale pink flowers, very fragrant; blooms once in early summer.
Famous Variety: Great Maiden’s Blush – known for its delicate pink blush.
6. Rosa centifolia (Cabbage Rose or Provence Rose)
Origin: Developed in the Netherlands in the 17th century.
History: Popular in classical paintings and Dutch still-lifes.
Features: Hundreds of petals per bloom (hence "centifolia"), strong fragrance.
Use: Widely used in perfumery, especially in Grasse, France.
7. Rosa foetida (Persian Yellow)
Origin: Western Asia.
History: Introduced to Europe in the 16th century.
Features: Bright yellow blooms with a distinct, musky scent.
Legacy: Source of yellow color in rose breeding; parent of many hybrid roses.
8. Rosa banksiae (Lady Banks’ Rose)
Origin: Native to China; introduced to the West in the 1800s.
History: Among the oldest cultivated climbing roses in China.
Features: Thornless canes, clusters of small white or yellow flowers, lightly fragrant.
Famous Specimen: The world’s largest rosebush in Tombstone, Arizona, is a Rosa banksiae.
Caring for Old Roses
Soil: Well-drained, rich soil with good organic matter.
Water: Deep, infrequent watering to encourage deep roots.
Pruning: Light shaping after blooming; avoid hard pruning.
Fertilizer: Compost and aged manure work best for these heritage varieties.
Guide to Celebrating Easter in Southeast Asia
1. Understand the Cultural Context
While Southeast Asia is predominantly Buddhist, Muslim, and Hindu, there are strong Christian communities in countries like the Philippines, East Timor, Vietnam, Indonesia, and parts of Malaysia. Easter is celebrated most prominently in these regions, particularly in the Philippines, where it's a major religious event.
2. Attend a Church Service
Holy Week begins on Palm Sunday and culminates in Easter Sunday.
Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, and Easter Vigil are key parts of the observance.
In the Philippines, Easter Sunday is marked by the "Salubong," a pre-dawn procession re-enacting the meeting of the risen Christ and Mary.
Tip: Dress modestly and respectfully if attending a local church service.
3. Decorate with Local Flavor
Use colorful woven baskets, banana leaves, or handmade lanterns.
Incorporate tropical flowers like frangipani, orchids, or jasmine for centerpieces.
Dye eggs with natural dyes made from turmeric, red cabbage, or dragonfruit.
4. Enjoy a Festive Meal
Create an Easter feast using local ingredients:
Philippines: Lechon (roast pig), bibingka (rice cake), and halo-halo.
Indonesia: Ayam Opor (chicken in coconut milk) and klepon (sweet rice cakes).
Vietnam: Bánh chưng (sticky rice cake) and spring rolls.
Malaysia: Rendang, satay, and kuih-muih (traditional desserts).
Include chocolate eggs or bunny-themed sweets as a nod to Western traditions.
5. Host an Easter Egg Hunt
Adapt the activity for local settings: gardens, temples (if permitted), or community parks.
Use plastic eggs filled with local candies, stickers, or coins.
Get creative: hide eggs in coconut trees, under bamboo mats, or in woven baskets.
6. Make It a Family Affair
Tell the Easter story in a way kids understand.
Do crafts like making paper bunnies, egg painting, or creating resurrection gardens.
Play traditional games with an Easter twist (e.g., “patintero” or “congkak” with Easter prizes).
7. Respect Local Beliefs
Be mindful that not all communities celebrate Easter.
Focus on sharing joy, kindness, and unity regardless of religion.
Consider interfaith community activities like charity drives, clean-up events, or shared meals.
花艺师的夏季鲜花保鲜指南
炎热的天气虽然阳光明媚、百花盛开，但也会大大缩短鲜花的寿命。想让你的花束在高温中依然保持娇艳？请看以下专业技巧。
1. 补水是关键
建议： 夏季的鲜花格外“口渴”。
斜剪花茎，最好在水下进行（第一次收到花时，以及之后每隔2-3天剪一次），这样可以避免空气堵塞花茎，影响吸水。
使用常温水，但若是球茎花（如郁金香、水仙等），建议用凉水。
每天换水，炎热天气下细菌繁殖迅速，容易影响花的寿命。
2. 保持凉爽
建议： 避免将花放在热源附近或阳光直射处。
理想位置： 阴凉处，靠近风扇但不要正对着。
避免区域： 阳台窗台、电视或电脑旁、电器表面等容易发热的地方。
额外提示：晚上可将花放入冰箱冷藏（如果空间允许），这可以大大延长花期。
3. 清除水下叶片
建议： 水中浸泡的叶子会腐烂，滋生细菌。
修剪掉浸水部分的叶片和小花苞，保持水质清洁。
4. 使用鲜花营养剂，或自己制作
建议： 花艺师提供的小包营养剂确实有效，不可忽视。
如果没有，可以用以下配方自制：
1升水
2汤匙柠檬汁
1汤匙糖
半茶匙漂白水
此配方既可滋养花朵，又能防止细菌滋生。
5. 细心处理热晕花朵
建议： 若花因运输或暴晒显得蔫蔫的，可以尝试“抢救”。
修剪花茎，然后将其放入深而凉的水中，在阴凉处静置几个小时。
对于玫瑰等，可以将整朵花（含花头）浸泡在温水中，有助恢复状态。
6. 避开乙烯气体源
建议： 乙烯气体会加快鲜花的凋谢过程。
避免将花放在成熟水果旁，尤其是香蕉和苹果。
同样，避免放在有烟雾、汽车尾气等污染源附近。
7. 选择耐热花材
某些花在高温下更耐放：
热带类： 兰花、天堂鸟、火鹤花
经典款： 百日菊、向日葵、菊花、康乃馨
香草类： 尤加利、薰衣草，不仅香，还耐热
8. 干净花瓶=鲜活花朵
建议： 每次重新使用花瓶前，务必用热水和洗洁精彻底清洗干净。残留细菌会影响鲜花存活时间。
户外花艺布置小贴士：
若需在户外布置鲜花：
使用浸泡过的吸水海绵做底座，保持湿润。
经常用喷壶为花朵喷水保湿。
尽量临近活动时间再布置，避免长时间曝晒。
夏天的鲜花就像一杯精致的冷饮——需要清凉、保湿，并远离阳光直射。只要多花一点心思，你的花就能多娇艳几天。
Florist’s Guide to Keeping Flowers Fresh in the Summer Heat
Warm weather may bring sunshine and blooms, but it also shortens the lifespan of your cut flowers. Here’s how to keep your bouquets looking beautiful longer, even when the temperatures rise.
1. Hydration Is Everything
Tip: Flowers are thirsty—especially in summer.
Trim the stems at an angle under water when you first get them (and every 2-3 days). This prevents air from blocking water uptake.
Use room temperature water unless the blooms are from bulbs (like tulips or daffodils), in which case, use cool water.
Refresh the water daily, especially in hot conditions—it can become a breeding ground for bacteria fast.
2. Keep It Cool
Tip: Avoid placing arrangements near heat sources or in direct sunlight.
Ideal placement: Near a fan (not directly in its path), in a shaded part of the room.
Avoid: Sunny windowsills, next to electronics, or atop warm appliances like refrigerators.
Bonus: Pop them in the fridge overnight (if you have space). This trick can add days to their lifespan.
3. Remove Leaves Below the Water Line
Tip: Any foliage submerged in water will rot quickly, promoting bacterial growth.
Strip leaves and small buds off the lower part of the stems to keep water clean and clear.
4. Use Flower Food—Or Make Your Own
Tip: Florist packets aren’t just marketing fluff—they actually work.
No packet? Mix your own:
1 quart water
2 tablespoons lemon juice
1 tablespoon sugar
1/2 teaspoon bleach
This combo feeds the flowers and keeps bacteria at bay.
5. Handle Heat-Stressed Flowers With Care
Tip: If flowers look droopy after delivery or time outside, revive them.
Cut the stems and place them in deep, cool water for a few hours in a cool room.
For roses, submerge the whole flower (head and all) in lukewarm water to perk them up.
6. Avoid Ethylene Gas Sources
Tip: Ethylene gas from fruit speeds up wilting.
Keep flowers away from ripening produce, especially bananas and apples.
Avoid placing them near cigarette smoke or exhaust fumes as well.
7. Choose Heat-Hardy Flowers
Some blooms naturally last longer in the heat:
Tropicals: Orchids, birds of paradise, anthuriums
Classics: Zinnias, sunflowers, chrysanthemums, carnations
Herbs: Eucalyptus and lavender are not only fragrant but sturdy
8. Clean Vases = Happy Flowers
Tip: Before reusing any vase, scrub it with hot, soapy water and rinse thoroughly. Residual bacteria can sabotage even the freshest bouquet.
Bonus: Outdoor Floral Displays
If decorating with flowers outdoors:
Use floral foam soaked in cool water and keep it shaded.
Mist the blooms frequently with water.
Arrange displays as close to event time as possible.
Final Florist tips
Think of flowers like you’d think of a delicate summer cocktail—cool, fresh, and happiest away from direct sun. A little extra care goes a long way when the temps rise.
Guide to the Origins of International Secretary's Day
International Secretary’s Day (also known as Administrative Professionals Day or Administrative Professionals Week) is an annual event dedicated to recognizing the contributions of administrative professionals, including secretaries, administrative assistants, executive assistants, and office managers. But how did this special day come about? Here’s a brief florist guide to the origins and evolution of International Secretary’s Day.
1. Early Beginnings: The Rise of Secretarial Work
The role of a secretary has existed for centuries, but it began to formalize in the early 20th century, particularly in the United States. With the growth of office-based work and businesses, the need for skilled professionals to manage clerical tasks became more significant. By the 1920s, secretarial positions were essential to the smooth running of most organizations.
However, despite their crucial role, administrative professionals often went unrecognized for their hard work, and there was little formal acknowledgment of their contributions. As the 20th century progressed, efforts began to change this.
2. The Birth of Secretary's Day
The idea of having a day to recognize the work of secretaries started with a woman named Mary Barrett. In 1952, Barrett, the president of the National Secretaries Association (NSA), along with C. King Woodbridge, an industrialist, proposed the idea of creating a day to honor secretaries for their hard work.
The first National Secretary’s Day was celebrated on June 4, 1952, with the goal of raising awareness about the role of secretaries, improving their working conditions, and providing them with better opportunities for professional growth.
3. The Evolution to Administrative Professionals Day
Over the years, National Secretary’s Day became widely recognized in the United States. The celebration spread to other countries and became an international event. However, the terminology evolved. As the role of secretaries expanded and diversified, the name was changed to Administrative Professionals Day to reflect the broader scope of administrative roles beyond just secretaries.
In 2000, the International Association of Administrative Professionals (IAAP), which had replaced the National Secretaries Association, officially rebranded the holiday to Administrative Professionals Day to be more inclusive of the growing variety of office support roles. This was also a nod to the changing perceptions of the profession, recognizing that it was no longer just about secretarial work, but a diverse array of skilled positions that included executive assistants, office managers, and other administrative support staff.
4. Why April?
The decision to celebrate Administrative Professionals Day during the last full week of April came about in the 1950s when the event became a part of Administrative Professionals Week. Initially, the celebration was set for the last Wednesday in April, though today some businesses may choose to celebrate it on different days within the month.
The timing during spring makes it an ideal opportunity to celebrate the hard work of administrative professionals in a fresh, positive light, as many offices also hold events or provide flowers, gifts, or meals to show their appreciation.
5. Global Spread and Recognition
Over time, International Secretary’s Day, now recognized as Administrative Professionals Day, gained momentum globally. Countries like Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia, as well as others in Europe and beyond, adopted the holiday to recognize the contributions of administrative staff in their own workplaces.
The nature of the celebrations may vary by country and company, but the focus remains the same: to acknowledge the importance of administrative professionals and show appreciation for their hard work and dedication.
6. What it Represents Today
Today, Administrative Professionals Day serves several purposes:
Acknowledgment and Appreciation: It provides an opportunity for employers and colleagues to express gratitude to those who help keep businesses running smoothly.
Professional Development: It highlights the importance of training and professional growth for administrative professionals.
Social Recognition: It is a moment for society to recognize that administrative roles are more than just clerical work. Many administrative professionals take on leadership roles, manage complex projects, and assist in decision-making processes within organizations.
7. Modern Celebrations
While the traditional way of celebrating often involved giving flowers, cards, or a small gift, today’s celebrations have evolved with the times. Some offices host luncheons, team-building activities, or provide professional development opportunities to show appreciation. Many also give personalized gifts that reflect the individual’s contributions or interests.
International Secretary’s Day, or Administrative Professionals Day, has come a long way since its inception in the 1950s. What began as a way to recognize secretaries for their hard work has evolved into a global celebration of administrative professionals in all their forms. It serves as an important reminder of the invaluable role these individuals play in organizations worldwide and offers an opportunity for businesses and colleagues to show appreciation for their dedication and expertise.
世界最著名的绣球花园指南
绣球花以其绚丽多彩、花团锦簇的花朵在世界各地备受喜爱。从欧洲历史庄园到亚洲的园林杰作，以下是世界上最著名、最迷人的绣球花园。这些地方不仅是赏花的圣地，更是花园设计和自然之美的典范。
1. 明月院（又称绣球寺）– 日本镰仓
最佳观赏时间： 每年6月中旬至下旬
为什么著名：
明月院被称为“绣球花寺”，梅雨季时整个寺庙被约2500株蓝色绣球花包围，景色如梦如幻。石阶小路、古老建筑与成片的绣球花相映成趣，是日本夏季最具人气的赏花地之一。
特色看点：
几乎所有绣球花都是蓝色品种，呈现出独特的统一美感。
2. 香浓索城堡花园 – 法国卢瓦尔河谷
最佳观赏时间： 每年春末至初夏
为什么著名：
这座文艺复兴时期的城堡以其优雅的建筑和对称的法式花园闻名。绣球花大量出现在修剪整齐的花坛中，为浪漫氛围锦上添花。
特色看点：
迪安娜花园（Diane de Poitiers Garden）拥有大面积成排绣球花，是宫廷花园与自然色彩的完美结合。
3. 楠塔基特绣球花步道 – 美国马萨诸塞州
最佳观赏时间： 每年7月至8月
为什么著名：
楠塔基特岛被誉为“美国绣球花之都”，几乎每户人家的门前都种满了粉蓝色、紫色或粉红色的绣球花，形成一道道梦幻花墙，极具新英格兰海岸风情。
特色看点：
推荐进行自助步行游览，欣赏沿街绣球花盛开的经典美式小屋风景。
4. 博德南花园 – 英国威尔士康威
最佳观赏时间： 每年6月至8月
为什么著名：
由英国国家信托组织维护，博德南花园是英国最著名的历史花园之一。园内的“山谷区”沿着河流和森林步道栽种了大量绣球花，展现自然野趣与园艺之美。
特色看点：
这里拥有多个稀有品种和原生绣球花，适合喜欢自然风格园艺的游客。
5. 阿索尔山绣球花步道 – 葡萄牙皮奥当
最佳观赏时间： 每年夏季
为什么著名：
这是一个被山地环绕的古村落，小路两旁和山坡上自然生长着成片的蓝紫色绣球花，犹如童话世界。村庄石屋与繁花相映成趣，宁静而梦幻。
特色看点：
野生绣球花成片生长，营造出天然画卷般的景致。
6. 箱根登山铁道绣球花节 – 日本箱根
最佳观赏时间： 每年6月中旬至7月初
为什么著名：
这是一个集交通与观花为一体的特别体验。成千上万株绣球花沿着登山电车轨道盛开，乘客可在复古列车中欣赏两侧如浪潮般的花海。
特色看点：
晚上还有“夜间观花列车”，灯光下的绣球花别有一番风味。
7. 金门公园植物园 – 美国旧金山
最佳观赏时间： 每年春末至初夏
为什么著名：
金门公园植物园拥有多个绣球花展区，尤其是亚洲植物园和智利植物区最具代表性。旧金山凉爽湿润的气候极适合绣球花生长，花期持久。
特色看点：
来自亚洲、美洲的多种绣球花品种在此齐聚一堂。
8. 斯图尔特山庄园 – 北爱尔兰唐郡
最佳观赏时间： 每年7月至9月
为什么著名：
该庄园被列为世界文化遗产之一，花园中种植了多种稀有绣球花品种。得益于独特的微气候，园内植物种类丰富，是英国少有的绣球花集中地。
特色看点：
湖畔景致与历史建筑相得益彰，宛如画中之境。
9. 蓝岭公路 – 美国北卡罗来纳州
最佳观赏时间： 每年夏季中后期
为什么著名：
这条穿越阿巴拉契亚山脉的风景道路沿线，自然生长着大量原生绣球花，如‘安娜贝尔’（Hydrangea arborescens）。不是人造花园，但花景自然震撼。
特色看点：
沿路可见瀑布、山林与绣球花交织的天然风光，适合自驾赏花。
10. 塔兰托别墅植物园 – 意大利马焦雷湖
最佳观赏时间： 每年6月底至8月初
为什么著名：
位于风景如画的马焦雷湖畔，塔兰托别墅植物园种植了超过80种绣球花。湖光山色与精致园林交融，是意大利最美的花园之一。
特色看点：
每年夏季举办“绣球花展”，展示各类绣球花在盛花期的极致魅力。
出行小贴士：
不同地区绣球花的花期不同，出行前请查当地开花时间。
工作日早晨人少，光线好，适合拍照。
夏季游园请注意防晒补水。
许多园区在花季会举办节庆活动或导览游，建议提前预约。
Guide to the World’s Most Famous Hydrangea Gardens
Hydrangeas, with their show-stopping blooms and dramatic seasonal shifts, captivate garden lovers across the globe. From historic estates in Europe to botanical masterpieces in Asia, here are the top gardens renowned for their hydrangea displays—where nature, design, and color come together in unforgettable ways.
1. Ajisai Temple (Meigetsuin) – Kamakura, Japan
Best Time to Visit: Mid to late June
Why it’s famous:
Known as one of Japan’s most iconic hydrangea-viewing spots, Meigetsuin Temple transforms into a sea of blue during the rainy season. The temple’s narrow paths, stone steps, and traditional architecture are surrounded by over 2,500 blue-flowering ajisai (hydrangea), creating a mystical, almost dreamlike experience.
Special Feature:
The garden features almost exclusively blue varieties—earning it the nickname Ajisai-dera (Hydrangea Temple).
2. Château de Chenonceau – Loire Valley, France
Best Time to Visit: Late spring through early summer
Why it’s famous:
This Renaissance château is famed not just for its architecture but also for its exquisite formal gardens. Hydrangeas bloom in impressive borders and parterre beds, adding soft romance to the fairytale setting. The contrast between the manicured symmetry of the gardens and the lush, natural feel of the blooms makes this a must-see.
Special Feature:
The Diane de Poitiers garden includes sweeping hydrangea beds as part of its symmetrical layout.
3. Nantucket Hydrangea Trail – Massachusetts, USA
Best Time to Visit: July through August
Why it’s famous:
Nantucket is often called the "Hydrangea Capital of America," where nearly every charming cottage is bordered by pastel-colored mophead hydrangeas. From private homes to public paths, the island is known for its effortless coastal charm and endless floral photo ops.
Special Feature:
Self-guided walking trails highlight classic Cape Cod-style homes with overflowing hydrangea hedges in blue, pink, and purple.
4. Bodnant Garden – Conwy, North Wales
Best Time to Visit: June through August
Why it’s famous:
Owned by the National Trust, Bodnant Garden is one of the UK’s premier heritage gardens. The Dell—a wooded valley within the property—is home to dramatic hydrangea collections that grow beneath towering trees and along the River Hiraethlyn.
Special Feature:
Historic plantings and rare species thrive here, offering a layered, woodland-garden experience with classic charm.
5. Serra do Açor Hydrangea Walk – Piódão, Portugal
Best Time to Visit: Summer
Why it’s famous:
This hidden gem features wild-growing hydrangeas that line mountain roads and hillside paths near the historic village of Piódão. The contrast between the deep blue and purple blooms and the rustic schist stone architecture is breathtaking.
Special Feature:
Hydrangeas grow naturally throughout the region, creating a wild, free-form landscape that feels like a painter’s palette.
6. Hydrangea Festival at Hakone Tozan Railway – Hakone, Japan
Best Time to Visit: Mid-June to early July
Why it’s famous:
This one is part garden, part moving experience—literally. Hydrangeas bloom along the tracks of the Hakone Tozan Railway, with thousands of bushes blooming beside the train line through the mountainous Hakone region. Riders enjoy panoramic views from vintage-style train cars.
Special Feature:
Nighttime trains during peak bloom allow for illuminated views of the flowers, a popular summer attraction.
7. Golden Gate Park Botanical Garden – San Francisco, California, USA
Best Time to Visit: Late spring to early summer
Why it’s famous:
The Botanical Garden features several hydrangea species, especially in the Temperate Asia and Chilean Garden sections. The climate of San Francisco is especially friendly to hydrangeas, allowing blooms to last longer into the season.
Special Feature:
An international collection of hydrangeas, with varieties from Asia and the Americas represented in one place.
8. Mount Stewart Gardens – County Down, Northern Ireland
Best Time to Visit: July to September
Why it’s famous:
This UNESCO World Heritage Site includes one of the UK’s finest hydrangea collections. Its microclimate supports a wide range of unusual and exotic plant species, including rare cultivars of Hydrangea macrophylla and Hydrangea aspera.
Special Feature:
Lush lake views and a historic mansion backdrop enhance the garden’s magical atmosphere.
9. Blue Ridge Parkway – North Carolina, USA
Best Time to Visit: Mid to late summer
Why it’s famous:
Along certain stretches of this scenic Appalachian mountain highway, native hydrangeas such as Hydrangea arborescens (‘Annabelle’) bloom in great numbers. While not a manicured garden, the naturalistic effect is spectacular.
Special Feature:
An unforgettable road trip experience featuring wild hydrangeas growing in forests and by waterfalls.
10. Villa Taranto Botanical Gardens – Lake Maggiore, Italy
Best Time to Visit: Late June to early August
Why it’s famous:
Set on the edge of Lake Maggiore, these 16-hectare gardens house more than 80 varieties of hydrangeas, many of which bloom alongside ornamental ponds, shaded groves, and carefully curated walking paths.
Special Feature:
The annual “Mostra delle Ortensie” (Hydrangea Exhibition) showcases hundreds of blooms during peak season.
Planning Tips:
Visit during local bloom season. Hydrangeas bloom at different times depending on climate and location.
Weekday mornings are best for photography and crowd-free experiences.
Bring water and sunscreen if you're exploring expansive grounds in summer.
Check ahead for festivals or tours—many gardens host hydrangea-themed events and guided walks.
世界各地母亲节的起源指南
母亲节是庆祝母亲、母爱和母子关系的重要节日。虽然在西方国家尤为流行，但母亲节的起源和形式在世界各地早已有不同的体现。让我们来看看母亲节在不同文化中的演变。
🌸 古代起源
古希腊
节日名称：对克瑞亚（Rhea）和塞贝勒（Cybele）的崇拜
介绍：古希腊人通过春季节日祭拜大地之母女神，如克瑞亚和塞贝勒
时间：三月，象征春天和生育
古罗马
节日名称：喜乐节 Hilaria
介绍：为纪念母神塞贝勒，3月25日举行庆典，包含游行、表演和化妆舞会
影响：对后来的基督教传统有一定影响
✝️ 基督教影响：英国的“母亲主日”
起源：中世纪
传统：四旬期第四个星期日，人们回到“母教堂”参拜，后来逐渐演变为感恩母亲的日子
现今形式：在英国，母亲主日与现代母亲节相结合，仍广泛庆祝
🇺🇸 美国：现代母亲节的诞生
安·贾维斯（Ann Reeves Jarvis，1800年代）
贡献：创立“母亲工作俱乐部”，改善社区卫生
在内战期间：倡导社区团结
茱莉亚·沃德·豪（Julia Ward Howe，1870年代）
贡献：发起“母亲和平日”倡议，呼吁母亲推动世界和平
宗旨：反战与和平
安娜·贾维斯（Anna Jarvis，1908年）
现代母亲节创始人：1908年首次举办纪念母亲的活动
官方认可：1914年，美国总统伍德罗·威尔逊宣布每年五月第二个星期日为全国母亲节
后续：安娜本人后来反对母亲节的商业化
🗺️ 世界各地的母亲节
英国
时间：四旬期第四个星期日（母亲主日）
形式：送花、贺卡、与家人共进晚餐
墨西哥
时间：5月10日（母亲节）
传统：演奏晨曲 Las Mañanitas、送花、玛丽亚奇乐队表演
埃塞俄比亚
时间：雨季后举行的安特罗斯特节 Antrosht
传统：家庭团聚、唱歌、盛宴，庆祝母亲
泰国
时间：8月12日，泰王后诗丽吉的生日
形式：庆祝国母，举行全国性的活动
日本
时间：5月第二个星期日
传统：孩子画母亲的画像，送康乃馨
印度
时间：现代母亲节在5月第二个星期日，但也有敬奉母神杜尔迦的节日如杜尔迦节
阿拉伯国家（如埃及）
时间：3月21日，春分
发起人：1950年代，由记者穆斯塔法·阿明（Mustafa Amin）倡议推广
💐 常见主题与象征
花卉（如康乃馨和玫瑰）是全球最常见的母亲节礼物
手工贺卡与礼物表达个人的感恩之情
宗教和文化联系在很多国家依旧深远
母亲节在世界各地有不同的形式，但核心理念始终不变：感谢母亲无私的奉献与爱。无论是古老的祭祀仪式、教堂祷告，还是现代的鲜花与问候，人类始终在用各种方式向母亲表达敬意与感恩。
A Guide to the Origins of Mother’s Day Around the World
Mother’s Day is a celebration honoring mothers, motherhood, and maternal bonds. While it’s commonly associated with modern Western traditions, its origins and observances span centuries and continents. Here's a look at how Mother's Day has developed in various parts of the world:
🌸 Ancient Roots
Ancient Greece
Festival: Cybele and Rhea Celebrations
Details: The Greeks honored Rhea and Cybele, mother goddesses, with spring festivals that included offerings and rituals.
Time of Year: March, aligning with spring and fertility.
Ancient Rome
Festival: Hilaria
Details: Romans celebrated Hilaria in honor of Cybele, typically on March 25. Celebrations included games, parades, and masquerades.
Legacy: This influenced later Christian traditions.
✝️ Christian Influence: Mothering Sunday (UK and parts of Europe)
Origin: Middle Ages
Tradition: Christians visited their "mother church" on the fourth Sunday of Lent. Over time, it also became a day to honor mothers.
Modern Twist: In the UK, it merged with the secular celebration of Mother's Day and is still observed today as Mothering Sunday.
🇺🇸 United States: The Birth of Modern Mother’s Day
Ann Reeves Jarvis (1800s)
Contribution: Organized Mother’s Day Work Clubs to improve health and sanitation.
Legacy: During the Civil War, these clubs promoted unity.
Julia Ward Howe (1870s)
Contribution: Called for a Mother’s Peace Day, urging mothers to promote peace after the Civil War.
Tone: Political and pacifist.
Anna Jarvis (1908)
Modern Mother’s Day Founder: Held the first official Mother’s Day in Grafton, West Virginia, to honor her mother’s work.
National Recognition: In 1914, President Woodrow Wilson declared the second Sunday in May as a national holiday.
Irony: Anna later criticized the commercialization of the holiday.
🗺️ Mother’s Day Around the World
United Kingdom
Observed: Fourth Sunday of Lent (Mothering Sunday)
Style: Similar to the U.S., with cards, flowers, and family meals.
Mexico
Observed: May 10th (Día de las Madres)
Traditions: Music (often Las Mañanitas is sung), food, flowers, and serenades from mariachi bands.
Ethiopia
Observed: During Antrosht, a multi-day festival after the rainy season.
Tradition: Family gatherings with songs and feasting to honor mothers.
Thailand
Observed: August 12, Queen Sirikit’s birthday
Style: Celebrates the Queen as the mother of the nation, with ceremonies and public events.
Japan
Observed: Second Sunday in May
Tradition: Children draw pictures of their mothers and give carnations as gifts.
India
Observed: Second Sunday in May (modern version), but also celebrates Durga Puja to honor the mother goddess Durga.
Arab Countries (e.g., Egypt)
Observed: March 21, coinciding with the Spring Equinox
Introduced By: Egyptian journalist Mustafa Amin in the 1950s
💐 Themes and Symbols
Flowers (especially carnations and roses) are common worldwide.
Homemade cards and gifts often symbolize the personal nature of maternal love.
Religious and cultural connections remain strong in many regions.
Mother’s Day may look different around the world, but the core theme remains universal: honoring the women who nurture, guide, and support us. Whether through ancient rituals, church visits, political movements, or personal gifts, humanity has long recognized the power and importance of mothers.
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阿涅斯·B（阿涅斯·安德烈·玛格丽特·特鲁布）传记
早年生活：
阿涅斯·B. 于1941年11月26日出生在法国凡尔赛。从小，她就对艺术和创作充满兴趣。她最初在卢浮宫学院学习艺术史，这也影响了她日后对视觉艺术和文化表达的深刻兴趣。
职业起步：
她的时尚事业始于在法国时尚杂志《Elle》担任初级编辑的工作，这让她建立了广泛的联系并获得了时尚界的见解。后来，她转向设计工作，为多家巴黎品牌设计服饰，包括 Dorothée Bis 等品牌。
品牌创立：
1975年，她在巴黎的 Les Halles 区开设了第一家精品店，这家店原本是一个老旧的肉铺。这也是她的品牌“agnès b.”的诞生地。她的设计风格注重简约、永恒与实穿性，常常被描述为极简却富有诗意。她的经典单品之一就是现在广为人知的按扣开衫（“le cardigan pression”）。
理念与影响：
阿涅斯·B. 一直强调“永恒性”胜过时尚潮流。她以拒绝时尚季节的压力而闻名，更注重的是她所称的“可以持久穿着的衣服”。除了时尚，她还对艺术、摄影、电影以及人道主义事业充满热情。她的店铺经常同时充当艺术画廊，她资助了许多艺术家和电影制作人。
人道主义工作：
她积极参与社会和环保事业，支持与人权、艾滋病意识和生态可持续性相关的组织。她还共同创立了“阿涅斯·B基金会”，该基金会支持艺术创作和社会正义。
遗产：
阿涅斯·B. 在建立国际时尚帝国的同时，始终坚持她的核心价值观。她的品牌不仅因其精致的简约风格而闻名，更因其对文化和良知的深度参与而著称。即便时尚潮流变幻莫测，阿涅斯·B. 的作品仍然默默地具有革命性，证明了优雅、伦理和持久性是可以共存的。
Biographical History of Agnès B. (Agnès Andrée Marguerite Troublé)
Early Life:
Agnès B. was born on November 26, 1941, in Versailles, France. From a young age, she was drawn to the world of art and creativity. She initially pursued art history at the École du Louvre, which influenced her enduring interest in both visual arts and cultural expression.
Career Beginnings:
Her career in fashion started when she worked as a junior editor at the French fashion magazine Elle, which helped her build connections and gain insights into the fashion world. Later, she transitioned into design, working for brands like Dorothée Bis and other Parisian labels.
Brand Creation:
In 1975, she opened her first boutique in Paris in an old butcher's shop on Rue du Jour in the Les Halles district. This is where her label “agnès b.” was born. Her style focused on wearable, timeless, and effortlessly chic clothing, often described as minimalist but poetic. Her designs became iconic for their clean lines and practical elegance—especially her now-classic snap cardigan (“le cardigan pression”).
Philosophy and Impact:
Agnès B. has always emphasized timelessness over trends. She’s known for resisting the pressure of fashion seasons, instead focusing on what she calls “clothes that can last.” Beyond fashion, she’s a passionate supporter of the arts, photography, film, and humanitarian causes. Her stores often double as galleries, and she has sponsored numerous artists and filmmakers.
Humanitarian Work:
She has been active in social and environmental causes, supporting organizations related to human rights, AIDS awareness, and ecological sustainability. She also co-founded La Fondation Agnès b., which supports artistic creation and social justice.
Legacy:
Agnès B. has built an international fashion empire while maintaining her core values. Her brand is recognized not only for its refined simplicity but also for its deep engagement with culture and conscience. Even as fashion trends come and go, Agnès B.’s work remains quietly revolutionary—proving that elegance, ethics, and endurance can coexist.
花艺师的野花采集花束指南
亲自走进自然，采集一束属于自己的野花，是一种既浪漫又治愈的体验。它不仅是一门艺术，更是一种与季节和土地相连的练习。以下是如何安全、环保、优雅地采集野花花束的指南。
🌿 一、出发前要了解的事
在你带上剪刀和篮子走进野外之前，记住以下几点：
了解当地法律和规定：某些地区（如国家公园或自然保护区）禁止采集植物。
避免采摘濒危植物：学习识别并保护稀有或受保护的植物种类。
负责任地采集：只取所需，切勿采光整片植物，一般不超过原本数量的三分之一。
不留下痕迹：尽量走在小径上，避免踩踏脆弱生态，不留下垃圾。
🧺 二、需要携带的工具
锋利的剪刀或园艺剪 —— 保证植物的整洁切口。
一个通风的篮子或布袋 —— 有助于植物呼吸，防止闷坏。
一个装有少量水的小瓶子 —— 在炎热天气或长时间行走时保持鲜花水分。
植物识别App或图鉴 —— 帮助你安全识别不熟悉的植物。
🌸 三、常见且美丽的野花（依地区和季节而异）
花卉类
野胡萝卜花（Queen Anne’s Lace） —— 轻盈优雅的白色伞状花。
金棒（Goldenrod） —— 鲜艳明亮的黄色点缀。
菊苣花（Chicory） —— 淡蓝色小花，虽短暂却迷人。
蓍草（Yarrow） —— 聚集型花序，生命力强。
黑眼苏珊（Black-eyed Susan） —— 活泼明亮的黄橙花朵。
野雏菊 —— 简约、清新的经典花朵。
野玫瑰 —— 若能遇见，是一种温柔又有香气的幸运。
衬叶与质感搭配
野草类 —— 增加高度与动态感。
蕨类植物 —— 叶形柔美细腻。
种荚或干花 —— 丰富层次与质感。
藤蔓类植物 —— 如野葡萄藤、苦甜藤，营造自然垂感。
🎨 四、如何搭配你的花束
确定配色方案：让大自然引导你，比如清新柔和的粉色系、明亮的黄色系或自然的绿色调。
搭配不同质感：将柔软花瓣、挺拔茎杆、羽状叶片与野草混搭。
使用奇数组合：三、五、七枝同种植物看起来更自然。
从焦点花开始，逐步添加配花和叶材。
别太纠结规则：野花花束的美，就在于它的自然和随性。
💧 五、照顾你的野花
将花茎斜剪，放入水中能吸收更多水分。
清除浸水部分的叶片，避免腐烂。
每天更换清水，每隔几天重新剪茎。
避免阳光直射和高温，延长花束寿命。
🐝 六、为传粉者留一部分自然
野花是蜜蜂和蝴蝶的重要食源。请记住永远为自然留下充足的花朵。如果你看到某片野花地充满虫鸣鸟语，不妨驻足欣赏，继续向前。那本身也是一种风景。
🌼 最后的小贴士
一束野花，不只是花艺作品，更是一段关于季节、土地与灵感的故事。无论是为了点缀餐桌、送给朋友，或只是享受采集的过程，它都连接着你与自然的节奏。
所以，慢慢来，轻轻走，让田野成为你的灵感缪斯。
A Florist’s Guide to Foraging a Wild Flower Bouquet
There’s something deeply romantic and grounding about gathering your own bouquet from nature. Foraging for wildflowers is both an art and a practice of presence—a moment to tune into the seasons and landscapes around you. Here's how to do it safely, ethically, and beautifully.
🌿 1. Know Before You Go
Before you step into the wild with your snips and basket, keep these essentials in mind:
Check local laws and guidelines. Some areas (like national parks or conservation zones) prohibit foraging.
Avoid endangered species. Learn to recognize and leave rare or protected plants.
Forage responsibly. Take only what you need, and never more than 1/3 of a patch.
Leave no trace. Stay on paths where possible, don’t trample delicate ecosystems, and don’t leave waste behind.
🧺 2. What to Bring
Sharp scissors or garden snips – for clean cuts.
A foraging basket or canvas bag – airy to avoid moisture buildup.
A jar with a little water – if it’s a hot day or long walk.
Plant ID app or guidebook – to help identify unknown species safely.
🌸 3. Wildflowers to Look For (Common & Beautiful)
Here are some classic wildflowers and foliage to keep an eye out for (depending on your region and season):
Flowers
Queen Anne’s Lace – airy, white, and elegant.
Goldenrod – adds a warm yellow pop.
Chicory – periwinkle blooms, short-lived but lovely.
Yarrow – clustered and hardy.
Black-eyed Susans – cheerful, sunshiny vibes.
Wild daisies – simple and classic.
Wild roses – soft scent and color, if you’re lucky.
Filler & Texture
Grasses – add height and movement.
Ferns – lush and delicate.
Seed pods or dried flowers – for texture and contrast.
Vines – wild grape or bittersweet can add natural drape.
🎨 4. Designing Your Bouquet
Choose a color palette: Let the landscape guide you—maybe it’s all pastels, sunny yellows, or earthy greens.
Mix textures: Combine soft petals with structured stems, feathery fillers, and grasses.
Use odd numbers: Three, five, or seven stems of a kind tend to look more natural.
Start with your focal blooms, then layer in filler flowers and foliage.
Don’t overthink it: The charm of wild bouquets is their organic, untamed look.
💧 5. Caring for Your Foraged Beauties
Trim stems diagonally before placing in water.
Remove leaves below the waterline to prevent rot.
Refresh water daily, and trim stems every couple of days.
Keep away from direct sunlight and heat to prolong life.
🐝 6. A Note on Pollinators
Remember, wildflowers are an important food source for bees and butterflies. Always leave enough for nature. If a patch is buzzing with life, admire it and move on. That’s a bouquet in itself.
A wildflower bouquet is more than a floral arrangement—it’s a celebration of place, season, and spontaneity. Whether it's for your table, a friend, or just the joy of gathering, foraging connects you to the natural rhythm of things.
So take your time, tread lightly, and let the meadow be your muse.
花道主要流派指南
花道，是日本传统的插花艺术，历经数百年发展，逐渐演变出多个各具特色的流派。每一个流派（流派 / Ryūha）都有其独特的哲学理念、表现方式和美学原则。以下是几个最具代表性的花道流派详细介绍：
1. 池坊流（Ikenobo）
池坊流被公认为是最古老、最具传统的花道流派，其起源可追溯至6世纪的京都。据说，它最初是寺庙僧人用于佛前供花的一种仪式，后来发展成为讲究形式与精神的艺术。
池坊流强调人与自然之间的和谐以及修身养性，常与佛教哲学相结合。其主要风格包括：
立花（Rikka）：象征自然景观的正式风格；
生花（Shoka）：通过“天地人”三主枝传达生命的本质；
自由花（Jiyūka）：在传统基础上进行现代创作。
池坊流适合那些想深入学习花道传统、重视形式与精神修养的学习者。
2. 小原流（Ohara）
小原流由小原云心于1895年创立，是最早将西洋花卉与自然风景表现法引入花道的流派之一。该流派特别强调四季变化与自然景观的再现。
小原流最具代表性的风格是：
盛花（Moribana）：使用浅盘和剑山，打造开放式的横向插花；
瓶花（Heika）：运用高瓶，表现出垂直线条之美；
风景式插花：再现山川河流等自然场景。
小原流特别适合热爱自然、希望通过花道表达季节之美的人。
3. 草月流（Sogetsu）
草月流由勅使河原苍风于1927年创立，是最具现代感与创新精神的流派之一。其理念是：“任何人、任何时间、任何地点都能享受花道。”
草月流强调自由创作与个人表达，常常使用非传统材料（如金属、木材、玻璃等），其作品常呈现出雕塑感与现代艺术气息。
草月流非常适合富有创造力、喜欢挑战与艺术创新的学习者，是现代设计师和艺术家的理想选择。
4. 一叶流（Ichiyo）
一叶流由笠原梅幸于1937年创立，是一个结合结构规范与情感表达的现代流派。它强调材料、容器与空间之间的协调关系。
该流派鼓励创作者将自己的情感与心境融入作品中，在简洁中传递深意，既尊重基本结构，又保留较大的创作自由。
一叶流适合希望通过花道表达内心世界、追求简约与个性平衡的人。
5. 未生流（Mishō）
未生流由未生斋一甫在18世纪末创立，融合了儒学、佛教与神道教的思想。它主张通过插花实现内在的和谐与心灵的宁静。
未生流既有传统的**格花（Kakubana）**风格，讲究几何结构与礼仪精神，也有现代自由花的表现形式。
未生流非常适合那些在花道中寻找哲学与精神寄托的人。
6. 古流（Koryu）
古流是起源于江户时代的传统流派，其名称意为“古老的流派”。它极为注重仪式感与传统规范，保留了许多古典花道的原貌。
古流多采用如立花、瓶花等正式风格，常与茶道、书道等其他日本传统艺术一起出现，基本不进行现代化演绎。
古流适合崇尚日本古典美学、追求精准与纯粹表达的学习者。
如何选择适合你的流派？
选择花道流派，要根据你的个性、兴趣与学习目标来决定：
如果你倾向于学习传统与仪式性的插花，池坊流或古流将非常适合你。
如果你热爱自然、喜欢表现四季景色，小原流会是不错的选择。
如果你喜欢现代艺术、有创作冲动，草月流无疑是你的理想归属。
如果你希望在技巧与内心情感之间找到平衡，可以尝试一叶流。
如果你倾向于哲学性的思考与精神修行，未生流将是很好的路径。
Guide to the Major Schools of Ikebana
Ikebana, or the Japanese art of flower arrangement, has evolved over centuries into a variety of distinct schools. Each school, or ryūha, has its own unique philosophy, approach to design, and aesthetic principles. Below is a detailed overview of the most prominent Ikebana schools.
1. Ikenobo School
The Ikenobo School is recognized as the oldest and most traditional school of Ikebana, with roots dating back to the 6th century in Kyoto. It is said to have originated from Buddhist temple offerings, and over time it developed into a highly structured and symbolic art form.
The Ikenobo School emphasizes spiritual growth and harmony between humans and nature. It is closely tied to traditional Japanese aesthetics and often incorporates elements of ritual and meditation. Its key styles include Rikka, which represents symbolic landscapes and is very formal, Shoka, a simplified form that conveys the essence of life through three main lines (heaven, earth, and man), and Jiyūka, or freestyle arrangements that allow more modern interpretation within the school’s traditional framework.
This school is ideal for those seeking to explore the roots of Ikebana with a deep focus on structure, discipline, and symbolic meaning.
2. Ohara School
Founded in 1895 by Unshin Ohara, the Ohara School was among the first to incorporate Western flowers and to introduce more naturalistic styles of arrangement. The school is known for its emphasis on seasonality and the beauty of landscapes, often attempting to replicate nature scenes in miniature.
One of the defining styles of the Ohara School is Moribana, or "piled flowers," which uses shallow containers and a kenzan to create open, horizontal arrangements. Other styles include Heika, which uses tall vases, and landscape arrangements, which represent rivers, mountains, and gardens.
The Ohara School is well-suited for nature lovers and those who enjoy expressing the beauty of the seasons in their floral work.
3. Sogetsu School
Established in 1927 by Sofu Teshigahara, the Sogetsu School brought a bold, modern perspective to Ikebana. Its philosophy centers around the belief that "Ikebana can be enjoyed by anyone, anywhere, at any time." This school encourages freedom of expression and innovation, often incorporating non-traditional materials such as metal, plastic, wood, and even industrial objects.
There are no strict rules about the kind of space an arrangement must occupy. Sogetsu works can appear in homes, galleries, gardens, or public installations. While rooted in basic Ikebana principles like balance, space, and line, Sogetsu arrangements are often abstract and sculptural.
This school is perfect for artists and creative thinkers who want to use Ikebana as a form of personal or contemporary artistic expression.
4. Ichiyo School
Founded in 1937 by Meikof Kasuya, the Ichiyo School is a more modern school that seeks to balance traditional techniques with the expression of personal emotion. It places strong emphasis on the relationship between the plant materials, the container, and the surrounding space.
The Ichiyo School’s approach is less rigid than that of Ikenobo or Koryu, allowing students and artists to explore personal interpretation and emotional depth, while still maintaining harmony and simplicity in design. It encourages arrangements that reflect the mood or feelings of the arranger, making each creation a unique reflection of its maker.
This school is ideal for those who are introspective and wish to use Ikebana as a form of emotional or artistic communication.
5. Mishō School
The Mishō School was founded in the late 18th century by Mishōsai Ippo and is influenced by a blend of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Shintoism. Its philosophy focuses on achieving inner peace and universal harmony through the practice of floral arrangement.
The school teaches both classical and modern styles. A notable traditional form is Kakubana, which is based on precise geometrical principles rooted in Confucian order. However, the school also allows for creative and expressive freestyle arrangements in its modern curriculum.
The Mishō School appeals to those looking for a spiritual and philosophical journey through Ikebana, while still engaging with artistic creativity.
6. Koryu School
The Koryu School, whose name means "Old School" or "Ancient School," traces back to the Edo period and remains devoted to classical forms of Ikebana. It retains the structure, ceremonial use, and style of traditional Japanese flower arrangement, with little deviation from its original principles.
This school focuses heavily on formal styles such as Tatebana and Rikka, and is often associated with tea ceremonies and traditional Japanese arts. It rarely engages with contemporary or freestyle arrangements, preferring the discipline and grace of the classical form.
The Koryu School is best for those interested in mastering the purity and precision of historical Ikebana.
Final Florist Thoughts
Choosing an Ikebana school depends on your personal goals and artistic inclinations. If you're drawn to history and tradition, schools like Ikenobo or Koryu may resonate with you. If you prefer a freer, more expressive form, Sogetsu or Ichiyo might be a better fit. Nature-inspired artists often gravitate toward the Ohara School, while those seeking spiritual depth may find a home in the Mishō School.
花艺师指南：宠物友好型鲜切花品种
对于有猫咪或狗狗的客户来说，花艺设计不仅要美观，更要安全。本指南为您介绍一些对宠物无毒的鲜切花品种，帮助您放心打造既美丽又安心的花艺作品。
既美丽又安全：宠物友好型鲜切花
玫瑰（Rosa spp.）
玫瑰是经典花卉之选，几乎拥有所有颜色。好消息是，玫瑰对猫和狗都无毒。设计时请注意去除刺，以免划伤。
非洲菊（Gerbera jamesonii）
这种鲜艳、充满活力的花朵非常适合营造愉快氛围。非洲菊对宠物安全，搭配柔和绿叶效果更佳。
向日葵（Helianthus annuus）
明亮、大气的向日葵能为任何花束带来阳光与温暖。它们对宠物完全无毒，特别适合自然或乡村风格的设计。
金鱼草（Antirrhinum majus）
高挑、色彩丰富的金鱼草能为花束增添层次感和线条美。它们对猫狗安全，适合用于打造结构感强的作品。
兰花（Phalaenopsis、Dendrobium等）
大多数蝴蝶兰和石斛兰都是对宠物安全的品种。兰花优雅而富有异域风情，是高端花艺中的宠儿。不过，建议使用前确认具体品种是否安全。
百日草（Zinnia elegans）
色彩鲜明、生命力强的百日草是夏日或田园风格花束的理想选择。它们对宠物无毒，还能提供丰富的色彩点缀。
秘鲁百合（Alstroemeria）
花瓣带有斑点，色彩丰富，是常用的衬花。大多数秘鲁百合对宠物无毒（虽然不建议食用）。非常适合用来增加花束的层次感和寿命。
安全绿植与衬叶选择
在搭配绿叶时，可以选择吊兰、波士顿蕨、黄椰子叶（凤尾竹）、或柠檬叶（Salal）。这些绿植既美观又安全。不过要避免使用一些对宠物有毒的绿叶，例如常春藤、芦笋蕨，或某些品种的尤加利叶。
需要避免的花卉
在打造宠物友好的花束时，也要特别注意避开一些常见但有毒的花卉。例如：
百合（特别是对猫极具毒性，可导致急性肾衰竭）
郁金香、水仙（可能引起呕吐或虚弱）
菊花（可能导致流口水、呕吐）
牡丹（对猫狗有轻微毒性）
满天星（可能引起胃部不适）
花艺师实用建议
在花店或网站上设置专属“宠物友好花束”系列。
使用标签或提示牌标注哪些花是安全的。
告知客户：即使是无毒花卉，大量食用也可能引起轻微肠胃不适。
建议将花束放置在宠物够不到的位置，尤其是对喜欢咬东西的小猫或小狗。
A Florist's Guide to Pet-Friendly Cut Flowers
For clients with curious cats or playful pups, it's essential to offer flower arrangements that are both beautiful and safe. This guide highlights cut flower varieties that are considered non-toxic to pets, so you can design with peace of mind.
Safe and Stunning: Pet-Friendly Flowers
Roses
A timeless favorite, roses are a florist staple that come in nearly every color. Thankfully, they're also non-toxic to pets. Just be sure to snip off the thorns before adding them to arrangements.
Gerbera Daisies
These bright, joyful blooms are perfect for cheerful arrangements. Gerberas are safe for both cats and dogs, and they look great paired with soft greenery.
Sunflowers
Bold and sunny, sunflowers bring warmth and energy to any bouquet. They’re completely safe for pets and make a big impact in rustic or autumn-themed designs.
Snapdragons
Tall and colorful, snapdragons add height and texture to floral arrangements. They’re safe for pets and come in soft pastels and vivid jewel tones.
Orchids
Many orchids, especially phalaenopsis and dendrobium varieties, are considered pet-safe. Their elegant shapes and exotic look make them a luxurious option for high-end designs. Still, it’s always good to verify species just in case.
Zinnias
These bright, sturdy flowers are perfect for summer and garden-inspired arrangements. They're non-toxic to pets and offer a great pop of color.
Alstroemeria (Peruvian Lily)
With speckled petals and a great vase life, alstroemeria is often used as a filler flower. It’s generally considered safe for pets, though not meant to be ingested. Use it to bulk up arrangements with both color and texture.
Pet-Safe Foliage and Greenery
When it comes to adding greens, go for options like spider plant fronds, Boston fern, areca palm, or salal (lemon leaf). These provide lush volume without the toxicity risk. Avoid common toxic greenery like eucalyptus (in large quantities), asparagus fern, or ivy.
Flowers to Avoid Around Pets
While building pet-friendly arrangements, it's just as important to know what to steer clear of. Popular flowers like lilies (especially toxic to cats), tulips, daffodils, chrysanthemums, and peonies can cause anything from mild irritation to serious illness if ingested.
Baby’s breath is another common addition in floral design, but it can upset a pet’s stomach, so it’s best to skip it in pet-safe arrangements.
Florist Tips for Pet-Safe Floral Design
Offer a special line of “pet-safe” bouquets in your shop or online store.
Use signage or tags to help customers identify safe options.
Remind clients that even non-toxic flowers can cause minor tummy trouble if chewed or eaten in large quantities.
Encourage pet owners to place arrangements out of reach—especially in households with kittens or puppies who love to nibble.
如何给兰花浇水：简易指南
兰花很美，但在浇水方面有点挑剔。以下是让它们健康生长的正确浇水方法：
1. 了解你的兰花
大多数作为室内植物出售的兰花是蝴蝶兰（Phalaenopsis），相对容易养护。不同种类的兰花浇水需求略有不同，但以下方法适用于大多数兰花。
2. 观察种植介质
兰花通常种在树皮、苔藓或专用兰花土中。树皮干得比较快，苔藓保水性更强，这会影响浇水频率。
树皮介质：每 4–7 天浇水一次。
苔藓介质：每 7–10 天浇水一次。
3. 使用手指测试法
用手指插入土壤约 2–3 厘米：
如果感觉干燥：该浇水了。
如果感觉潮湿：再等几天。
4. 正确的浇水方法
最佳时间：早上。
使用常温水。
方法：将兰花移到水槽下，用水冲洗盆土 10–15 秒钟。让水完全流出再放回原处。
**重要提示：**不要让花盆底部积水，这会导致根腐。
5. 避免这些错误
不要用冰块浇水（会冻伤根部）。
不要按照固定日程浇水——应根据土壤湿度决定。
避免把水浇进植株中心（叶心），否则可能引发叶心腐烂。
6. 提高湿度（可选）
兰花喜欢湿润的空气。你可以：
喷雾加湿（喷在空气中，不要直接喷在叶片或花上）。
在花盆下放一个装有水和鹅卵石的湿度盘（确保花盆底部不接触水面）。
How to Water Orchids: A Simple Guide
Orchids are beautiful but can be a little fussy when it comes to watering. Here's how to keep them healthy and thriving:
1. Understand Your Orchid
Most orchids sold as houseplants are Phalaenopsis (moth orchids), which are relatively easy to care for. The watering needs may vary slightly depending on the type, but these tips work well for most.
2. Check the Potting Medium
Orchids are often planted in bark, moss, or a special orchid mix. Bark dries out faster than moss. This affects how often you should water.
Bark mix: Water every 4–7 days.
Moss: Water every 7–10 days (it retains moisture longer).
3. Use the Finger Test
Stick your finger about an inch into the potting mix:
If it feels dry: time to water.
If it feels damp: wait a few more days.
4. Watering Method
Best time: In the morning.
Use room-temperature water.
Method: Bring the orchid to the sink and let water run through the pot for 10–15 seconds. Let it drain thoroughly before placing it back.
Important: Never let the orchid sit in water. It can cause root rot.
5. Avoid These Mistakes
Don’t use ice cubes (they can shock the roots).
Don’t water on a strict schedule—always check the plant first.
Avoid getting water in the crown (the center of the plant), as it can cause crown rot.
6. Humidity Boost (Optional)
Orchids like humidity. You can:
Mist the air around the plant (not the leaves or flowers).
Place the pot on a humidity tray with pebbles and water (but the pot should not sit in the water).